Presently, basin type solar still is the only device that is being used for water distillation applications. It acts as a mechanism to separate pure water from the impurities. Aug 14, 2012 humankind has depended for ages on underground water reservoirs for its fresh water needs. Because of this, purposes the solar still is constructed which will convert the impure water into pure water using. When the water vapor hits the glass, it condenses on it, running down the glass to a catch tube.
Build a solar water distiller whether you need water for your iron or water to drink, this project is easy and inexpensive and can be scaled up as needed. The still consisted mainly of a base unit, made from galvanized steel, and a glass cover. The solar water still has been designed with suitable insulations and a tilt mechanism. The same process can help to lower salinity levels in water if you care caught in a survival situation. Design, fabrication and performance evaluation of solar water. Professor kenny stevens talks about homemade solar water distillers, which use evaporation and condensation to purify water. Thus, the use of solar energy with water distillers has a long history and the technology is well improved and field tested throughout the world. Pdf solar water distillation by a single stage solar distiller 2016. Typical efficiencies for single basin solar stills approach 60 percent.
A pan of water is placed inside and the device is placed in the sun. Z kimambo, improved solar still for water purification 2012. Solar still makes potable drinking water from salt water. These objectives aim to guarantee that the solar still can be easily adopted and employed. The bottom inner surface of the base unit is painted black and the inner side walls are painted white.
Solar stills distill water using the two main scientific principles of the water cycle evaporation and condensation. Solar water distillation is the process of using the energy from sunlight to separate freshwater from salts or other contaminants. Comparatively more distilled water was obtained from the solar still having an area of 1m2 fabricated in fiber or metal body with glass. In a solar still, impure water is contained outside the collector, where it is evaporated by sunlight shining through clear plastic or glass. This allows for natural ph buffering that produces excellent taste as compared to steam distillation. Mar 30, 2014 a solar still is a simple way of distilling water, using the heat of the sun to drive evaporation from humid soil, and ambient air to cool a condenser film. Due to this reason, water purification is necessary. A solar still will provide you with 100% pure water, and will not require purification or boiling prior to drinking. Whole house water filter, alkaline ionized water or tap wate. Sunlight enters the box and heats the water, promoting evaporation.
Solar distillation systems can be classified as passive and active. Unlike many artificial methods of purifying water, solar stills use solar energy to purify water. Benefits and dangers of using solar water distillers youtube. Aug 24, 2014 build a solar water distiller whether you need water for your iron or water to drink, this project is easy and inexpensive and can be scaled up as needed. Introduction solar distillation is a tried an true technology. There are many types of solar still, including large scale concentrated solar stills and condensation traps better known as moisture traps amongst survivalists. The basic principles of solar water distillation are simple, yet effective, as distillation replicates the way nature makes rain. The input of this device would be salt water from coastal regions. Distillation of water using solar energy with phase change. A solar still is a simple way of distilling water, using the heat of the sun to drive evaporation from humid soil, and ambient air to cool a condenser film. Ground water distillation by basin type solar still for different.
There are many amazing diy water distiller designs you can easily make at home. Purifying water using passive solar water distillation. Solar stills can easily provide enough water for family drinking and cooking needs. Solar water heating 241 isolating the exchanger it is important to isolate the heat exchanger from the collector at night to prevent heat loss. The watercone is a solar powered water desalinator that takes salt or brackish water and generates freshwater. The conventional passive solar still is the most economical solar still to provide drinking water for domestic applications at decentralized level. This inexpensive device can easily be built using local materials. Solar water distillers or solar stills are usually used in remote areas where there is limited access to freshwater. Nov 20, 2015 water that is not properly treated or filtered can contain all types of harmful compounds. Solar stills are then able to supply pure water for drinking and cooking, even in areas where. Passive solar water distillation is an inexpensive, lowtech alternative for pure drinking water without bottles, including types of distillers, cost comparisons, going automatic or electric.
Aug 26, 20 solar stills use natural evaporation and condensation, which is the rainwater process. Solar stills are being used in countries where potable water is not readily available. The dirty water is left to sit in the sun, allowing it to absorb solar energy. Pdf design and construction of solar stillsolar water heater.
Comparative study of innovative solar still modifications. How to make a solar still dont buy plastic jugs of distilled water when you can convert it from undrinkable water with this diy project. Today s stateoftheart singleeffect solar stills have. The reservoir is a black barrel which aids in preheating the water that enters the solar still basin. This is due to the fact that it is simple in design and fabrication, easy to handle unskilled manpower is sufficient along with longer life, and low cost of water. Passive solar still in a passive still the distillation takes place purely by direct sun light. The experimental tests were conducted for five months in the city of kirkuk, north of iraq, at 43. General operation is simple and requires facing the still towards solar noon, putting water in the still every morning to fill and flush.
Jul 22, 2007 build your very own solar water distiller to discover how nature filters water via evaporation. The resulting still yielded a maximum efficiency of 49% against 3035% in the case with no gel. Pdf water distillation method using solar power researchgate. The solar still process uses the sun instead of other sources such as fossil fuels to gain the energy needed for purification. The design is simple and elegant, while still providing a powerful practical.
There is an important need for clean, pure drinking water in many developing countries. These are also common uses of solar distilled water. They are used in areas where drinking water is unavailable, so that clean water is obtained from dirty water or from plants by exposing them to sunlight. Solar distillation of water florida solar energy center. Build a solar water distiller diy alternative energy. Water wont be moving through the exchanger coils at night. Ive posted here about the square foot solar cooker, and here is another of the many uses for it.
The sun evaporates dirty water which is then cooled and collected in pure form. Click if you want this file just for yourself on your own device. The solar water distiller is a relatively new comer. There are different types of survival solar stills or vapor stills. A broad classification of the solar stills is depicted above. In some cases, such as extremely poor quality or salty water, solar stills may be the most practical way to treat the water.
You could also use it for your own off grid homestead as well. Stepped system to reduce brine formation inside the solar still. As mentioned with the solar emergency distillation stills above, solar distillation is a good way to provide water in emergency situations. Turn undrinkable water into pure, crystalclear distilled water with a homebuilt solar still. Pdf distillation is a process that removes filth and contaminants to produce still water from available water. New solar technology could produce clean drinking water for millions in need. Performance improvement of a passive solar still in a. In addition to that, the experimental works towards this remained in the small scale i.
A solar still is a green energy product that uses the natural energy of the sun to purify water. Experimental and theoretical approaches were carried out to design and test multistage solar still. Choosing the right whole house water filter system is important for the long term health of your family. The solar option and solar collector solar energy is a very large, inexhaustible of energy, the power from the sun intercepted. A solar still distills water with substances dissolved in it by using the heat of the sun to evaporate water so that it may be cooled and collected, thereby purifying it.
Tanklike devices called solar stills use the sun to evaporate dirty or. To make a solar still of this type, youll need to make a box out of plywood. By using solar distillation of water, people are less dependent on rainwater to supply all their needs. General operation is simple and requires facing the still towards solar noon, putting water in the still every morning to fill and flush the basin, and recovering distillate from the collection reservoir for example, glass bottles. How solar powered distillation of water works energy. The incoming solar radiation from the sun is heating the water keyword.
The basic concept of the typical solar still starts with the suns energy going. In addition, the small plastic solar stills have been employed to provide potable water for life rafts floating in the ocean during world war ii. The solar still technique will work just about anywhere, provided that there is enough sunlight to assist the process. Aug 22, 2018 a solar still distills water using energy from the sun. The solar distiller should be able to provide a small family with two to four gallons of drinking water per day. Solar stills can serve the purpose of basic drinking water requirements of man. Solar still technologies bring immediate benefits to users by alleviating health problems associated with water borne diseases. Thermal modeling and efficiency of solar water distillation. Build your own diy water distiller to use in an emergency or when no water is available. Simple solar stills are regarded by many investigators as one of the most promising water purification techniques that have been used effectively to convert sea and brackish water into fresh water. A great way to ensure your water is suitable to drink is to distill it. For solar stills users, there is a also a sense of satisfaction in having their own trusted and easy to use water treatment plant onsite. To produce significant amounts of water from a solar still would require either an extremely large region of ocean be covered with a condensing medium such as a plastic sheet or the area of ocean be covered with an extremely large number of smaller stills.
Humankind has depended for ages on underground water reservoirs for its fresh water needs. For countries like india, the domestic solar still is a viable safe water technology avvannavar et al. The technology is simple in design and use and is discribed by simple pictograms. Fabricated solar still a blackened tray is placed at the base of the solar still which acts as a black body to absorb the incident heat. Design, fabrication and performance evaluation of solar. But these sources do not always prove to be useful due to the presence of excessive salinity in the water. Pdf solar stillsolar water heater hybrid for small scale application has been designed and constructed and tested in this study. Single slope solar water still sultan qaboos university. Solar still,a water purifying technique project report. Design options many different types of solar distillation systems were researched.
New solar technology could produce clean drinking water. Solar water distillation safe drinking water foundation. It was found that an active solar still with water flow over the glass cover gives. The pump is powered by a goal zero solar generator. Purifying water using passive solar water distillation real. In a solar still, impure water is contained outside the collector, where it is evaporated by sunlight shining through clear plastic. However leakage of water vapors through joints and glass sealing of solar stills. We see that the solar distilled water costs much less than bottled water and somewhat more than utility supplied water. This can be used in arid coastal regions all over the world to produce potable drinking water for those in need. The goal of this project is to create a solar powered water distillation device that achieves maximum efficiency while minimizing manufacturing costs per unit. The single slope and double slope solar stills are the. Solar stills purify water through distillation, where pure water is vaporized out of collected dirty water and then condensed.
These types of stills have only one layer of glazing over the water surface, thus a lot of heat energy becomes wasted through latent heat of condensation in the form of conduction through the glazing. Solar stills for desalination of water in rural households. Solar water distillation by a single stage solar distiller 2016 chapter 1. The condensed water from the glass is collected in a pipe placed at an inclination which enables the collected water 4. Two basic types of solar stills are box and pit stills. Attempts have been made to increase the efficiency and productivity by preheating the saline water in solar stills. Fresnel lens solar water filtration systems offer an off grid option to clean water this solar distiller can deliver gph the fresnel lens concentrates sun. Why cant solar stills convert sea water into fresh water.
Solar distillation of water fsec energy research center. New innovation of low cost solar still 1s h sengar, 1y p khandetod, 1a g mohod abstract different solar stills were developed and evaluated for comparison with other solar stills available in market. Here are simple instructions how to build a solar still to extract pure drinking water from the earth. Solar radiation is the input energy of the passive solar stills, but the efficiency of the system is low. Jan 19, 2017 they can be used with salty water in extreme emergency situations people lost at sea may construct solar stills to increase their survivability 4. How to build a solarpowered still to purify drinking water. Fabrication of solar water distillation system ijcem. Passive stills, then, vary widely due to this one constraint and can be further organized into subclasses. Conventional solar stills rely solely on the sun to distill water, however their complexity could still reach that of active stills, if not other more intricate desalination methods. In this paper, the fabrication of seven solar still designs such as spherical solar still, pyramid solar still, hemispherical solar still, double basin glass solar still, concentrator coupled single.
This is a solar alembic, or pot still, made from square foot mirrors, which can produce between 2 and 5 ounces of distillate on a lazy sunny afternoon. Low water depth solar water still is produced more distillate than high. This is especially important when using an induct exchanger. A one square meter single slope solar water still with solar preheater system was designed and fabricated. Solar distillation an overview sciencedirect topics. Using a solar energy in water desalination system is regarded as one of the most effective ways to resolve the problem of freshwater shortages in this world. Arjun vyas, nitin bodar, design of solar distillation system, vol29, april2011.
Solar distillation is another application which dates back to the nineteenth century and the simplest form of water still now in use is basically unchanged from the early designs which consisted of a shallow tray, filled with salt or brackish water, and covered by a sloping glass cover plate. Singleeffect solar still is the original solar still construction. We packed inflatable solar stills along with other items in the 20. We made a very simpler version of a solar still with a glass bowl, a small glass jar and plastic wrap.
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